Yini?Ama-ginsenosides?
I-Ginsenosides iyizithako ezibalulekile ezisebenzayo ze-ginseng. Ziyingxenye ye-triterpenoid glycoside compounds futhi zingahlukaniswa zibe i-protopanaxadiol saponins (i-PPD-type saponins), i-protopanaxatriol saponins (i-PPT-type saponins) kanye nohlobo lwe-oleanane. Ngaphezu kwama-ginsenosides angama-40 ahlukaniswe nezimpande ze-ginseng.
I-Ginsenosides inemiphumela eminingi yokwelapha efana ne-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasodilation, anti-allergic, ne-anti-diabetic. Amanye ama-ginsenosides akhombisa izakhiwo zawo zokulwa nomdlavuza ngokunciphisa ukulimala kwe-DNA, ehlisa ukuthambekela komphathi ekuguqukeni kwezakhi zofuzo, akhulise ukuqapha amasosha omzimba kanye ne-apoptosis yamaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ginsenosides ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa zendabuko ze-chemotherapy futhi ivimbele ukulimala kwezicubu ezijwayelekile.
Okuqukethwe Kwama-Ginsenoside Aphelele Ezingxenyeni Ezihlukene Ze-ginseng
| Ingxenye | Ingqikithi Yokuqukethwe kwe-Ginsenosides |
| Izimpande ezingemuva | 60.5% |
| Ama-Buds | 15% |
| Amaqabunga e-ginseng | 7.6%-12.6% |
| Izimpande ze-Ginseng fibrous | 8.5%-11.5% |
| Isikhumba se-Ginseng | 8.0%-8.8% |
| I-Ginseng taproot | 2%-7% |
| Izimpande ezincane ze-Ginseng | 3% |
| Imbewu | 0.7% |
Izinhlobo Nezakhiwo Zamakhemikhali ZeAma-ginsenosides
Ama-ginsenosides wonke anezakhiwo eziyisisekelo ezifanayo, zonke ziqukethe i-sterane steroid nucleus enama-athomu ekhabhoni angama-30 ahlelwe ngamasongo amane. Ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ngokuya ngezakhiwo ezihlukene ze-glycoside: uhlobo lwe-dammarane nohlobo lwe-oleanane.
Uhlobo lwe-Dammarine luhlanganisa izigaba ezimbili:
I-Ginsenoside type-A, i-aglycone ingama-20 (S)-protopanaxadiol. Iqukethe ama-ginsenosides amaningi, njenge-ginsenoside Rg3, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rh2 kanye ne-glycoside PD;
I-Ginsenoside type-B, i-aglycone ingama-20 (S)-protopanaxadiol. Iqukethe i-ginsenoside Re, i-Rg1, i-Rg2, i-Rh1 ne-glycoside PT.
Uhlobo lwe-Oleanane: uhlobo lwe-oleanolic acid-C, i-aglycone i-oleanolic acid.
Ingqikithi yama-saponins ayiyona i-hemolytic, uhlobo A luyi-anti-hemolytic, kuyilapho uhlobo B nohlobo C luyi-hemolytic.
| Izinhlobo ze-Ginsenoside | Ukusebenza kahle |
| Rh2 | Kunomphumela wokuvimbela i-metastasis yamangqamuzana omdlavuza kwezinye izitho, kuthuthukise ukuvikeleka komzimba, nokubuyisela ngokushesha ukuqina komzimba. Inomphumela obalulekile wokulwa nokumetastasis kumaseli omdlavuza, futhi ingathathwa ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphola kwesilonda kanye nokululama komzimba ngemva kokuhlinzwa. I-bioavailability ephelele ingu (16.1±11.3)%. |
| Rg | Inomphumela wokuvuselela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ukumelana nokukhathala, ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo nekhono lokufunda, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-DNA ne-RNA. Inomphumela wokuvuselela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ukumelana nokukhathala, ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo nekhono lokufunda, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-DNA ne-RNA. |
| Rg1 | Ingakhulula ngokushesha ukukhathala, ithuthukise ukufunda nenkumbulo, futhi ibambezele ukuguga. Inomphumela wokuvuselela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko kanye nokuvimbela ukuhlangana kweplatelet. |
| Rg2 | Inomphumela we-anti-shock, ithuthukisa ngokushesha ischemia ye-myocardial ne-hypoxia, futhi yelapha futhi ivimbele isifo senhliziyo. |
| Rg3 | Ingakwazi ukusebenza esigabeni se-G2 somjikelezo wokuzala kwamangqamuzana, ivimbele ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni kanye ne-ATP esigabeni sangaphambi kwe-mitotic yamangqamuzana omdlavuza, inciphise ukwanda nokukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, futhi ibe nemiphumela yokuvimbela ukungena kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukumelana ne-tumor cell metastasis, ikhuthaza i-tumor cell apoptosis, futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwe-tumor cell. |
| Rg5 | Vimbela ukungena kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, i-anti-tumor cell metastasis, ikhuthaze i-tumor cell apoptosis, ivimbele ukukhula kwe-tumor cell |
| Rb1 | I-ginseng yaseMelika (i-ginseng yaseMelika) inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu futhi inamandla okuthinta amasende ezilwane kanye nokukhula kwamagundane e-embryonic. Inomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-choline, ukwandisa ukuhlanganiswa nokukhululwa kwe-acetylcholine nokuthuthukisa inkumbulo. |
| Rb2 | Ukukhuthazwa kwe-DNA kanye ne-RNA synthesis, ukulawulwa kwesikhungo sobuchopho kunemiphumela yokuvimbela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ukunciphisa i-calcium engaphakathi kwe-intracellular, i-anti-oxidation, ukukhipha ama-radicals mahhala emzimbeni kanye nokwenza ngcono ukulimala kwe-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. |
| Rc | I-Ginsenoside-Rc iyi-molecule ye-steroid ku-ginseng. Inomsebenzi wokuvimbela amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kungakhuphula ukusebenza kwesidoda. |
| Rb3 | Ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-myocardial futhi ivikele amasosha omzimba. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwenkontileka ye-myocardial okubangelwa izizathu ezahlukahlukene. |
| Rh | Inemiphumela yokuvimbela isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi, i-hypnotic, i-analgesic, ukuzola, i-antipyretic, nokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni e-serum. |
| Rh1 | Inemiphumela yokukhuthaza ukwanda kwamaseli esibindi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-DNA, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha nokuvimbela isifo sokusha kwesibindi sokuqina kwesibindi kanye ne-cirrhosis. |
| R0 | Ine-anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, ne-anti-thrombotic effects, inhibits acidic platelet aggregation, futhi inemiphumela yokulwa nokusha kwesibindi futhi isebenze ama-macrophages. |
| Rh3 | Imiphumela ye-ginsenoside Rh3 ekwandeni kanye ne-apoptosis yamaseli omdlavuza womuntu SW480. |
Izithako zokulwa nesimila
| Izithako | Ukusebenza kahle |
| Rh2 | I-Ginsenoside Rh2 monomer inomthelela ovimbela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, ingadala i-tumor cell apoptosis, ihlehlise ukuhlukana okungavamile kwamaseli wesimila, futhi imelane nokumetastasis kwesimila. Uma isetshenziswa kanye nemithi ye-chemotherapy, ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle futhi inciphise ubuthi. Ngaphezu komphumela we-anti-tumor, i-ginsenosides inemiphumela yokuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba, i-antibacterial, ithuthukisa ukuntuleka kokunikezwa kwegazi kwe-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, ukulawula isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ukulwa nokukhathala, nokubambezela ukuguga. |
| Rh1 | Ingavimbela ukunamathela kanye nokungena kwamangqamuzana e-tumor, ivimbele ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha yamangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukukhula kwesimila, ukusabalala kanye ne-metastasis, futhi inomsebenzi obalulekile wokulwa nomdlavuza. Kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukwehla kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi okubangelwa ukwelapha nge-radiotherapy, ngamakhemikhali nokuhlinzwa, futhi kwenze i-rheology yegazi ijwayele. Lesi sithako sinomphumela oqinile wokuvimbela nokuvimbela umdlavuza, singathuthukisa ukusebenza komuntu nokusebenza komzimba wokuzivikela komzimba, futhi sinemiphumela ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni nokuhlinzwa kanye ne-radiotherapy kanye ne-chemotherapy. |
| Rg5 | I-Rg5 ingadala i-apoptosis yamaseli ahlukahlukene wesimila. I-Rg5 ekhishwe ku-ginseng enhle emnyama iqinisekisiwe kumaseli webele lomuntu. I-Rg5 futhi ingadala i-apoptosis kanye nokulimala kwe-DNA kumaseli omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ahlukahlukene. I-Aseries yokuhlolwa kwe-in vitro ikuqinisekisile ukuthi i-ginsenoside Rg5 inomphumela ovimbelayo kumaseli omdlavuza womso. |
| Rh3 | I-Ginsenoside Rh3 inganqanda ukwanda kwamaseli omdlavuza wekholoni lomuntu i-SW480 futhi yenze i-apoptosis, futhi umphumela uncike kumthamo futhi uncike esikhathini. |
| i-APPD | 20 (S) - I-Protopanaxadiol (i-aPPD) iyisithako esisebenzayo esisebenza ngempumelelo yesidakamizwa i-ginsenosides ngemva kwe-desugar metabolism kanye nokwenza kusebenze izitshalo zesisu, futhi ine-spectrum ebanzi yemiphumela yokulwa nesimila. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iqembu locwaningo likaWilliam Jia leNyuvesi yaseBritish Columbia lenze uchungechunge lwezifundo mayelana nomsebenzi wokulwa nesimila we-APPD ku-vivo kanye ne-in vitro, futhi lathola ukuthi linemiphumela embaxambili yezokwelapha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingabulala amaseli wesimila ngokuqondile futhi ikhuthaze i-apoptosis yawo; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingavikela ama-neurons ezintweni ze-cytotoxic. |
Iyini Inzuzo YaAma-ginsenosides?
Izinzuzo zama-ginsenosides, izinhlanganisela ezisebenzayo ezitholakala ku-ginseng, zibanzi futhi kube yisihloko socwaningo olunzulu. Ezinye izinzuzo ezingaba khona ze-ginsenosides zifaka:
1. Umsebenzi Wokuqonda: Ama-ginsenosides ahlolisiswe amandla awo okusekela ukusebenza kwengqondo, okuhlanganisa inkumbulo, ukugxila, nokucaca kwengqondo.
2. Amandla nobungqabavu: Ama-ginsenosides kukholakala ukuthi anezici ze-adapogenic, ezisiza ukusekela amazinga wamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhathala, nokukhuthaza ubungqabavu bubonke.
3. Ukusekelwa Kwesistimu Yamasosha omzimba: Olunye ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi i-ginsenosides inemiphumela yokuzivikela komzimba, engase isekele impendulo enempilo yokuzivikela komzimba.
4. Ukulawula Ukucindezeleka: I-Ginsenosides ibhekwa njenge-adaptogens, okusho ukuthi isiza umzimba ukuba uvumelane nokucindezeleka futhi ikhuthaze umuzwa wenhlalakahle.
5. Impilo Yenhliziyo Nemithambo yegazi: Olunye ucwaningo luye lwahlola amandla e-ginsenosides ekusekeleni impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela yawo kumfutho wegazi nokujikeleza kwegazi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinzuzo ezithile ze-ginsenosides ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-ginseng kanye nokwakheka kwama-ginsenosides akhona. Njenganoma yisiphi isithasiselo noma umkhiqizo wemvelo, kuyancomeka ukuthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-ginsenosides ezinkingeni ezithile zezempilo.
Yiziphi Izicelo Ze-ginsenosides?
Ama-ginsenosides anezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezingase zibe khona ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezihlukahlukene zemithi. Ezinye zezicelo ze-ginsenosides zifaka:
1. Imithi Yesintu Yokwelapha: Ama-ginsenosides asetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka emithini yendabuko, ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Asia, ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ze-adapogenic nezikhuthaza impilo.
2. Izithasiselo: Ama-ginsenosides avame ukusetshenziswa njengezithako ezisebenzayo ezithasiselweni zokudla kanye namalungiselelo e-herbal okuhloswe ngawo ukusekela ukusebenza kwengqondo, amazinga wamandla, kanye nenhlalakahle jikelele.
3. Ezemithi: Ucwaningo lwezindlela zokwelapha ezingase zibe khona ze-ginsenosides luholele ekusetshenzisweni kwawo emikhiqizweni yezemithi, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwemithi yezimo ezinjengokuncipha kwengqondo, ukukhathala, kanye nokuphazamiseka okuhlobene nokucindezeleka.
4. Izimonyo: Ama-ginsenosides nawo asetshenziswa embonini yezimonyo ngezinzuzo zawo zesikhumba ezingaba khona, okuhlanganisa izici zokulwa nokuguga kanye ne-antioxidant.
5. Ukudla Okusebenzayo Neziphuzo: Ama-ginsenosides afakwe ekudleni okuhlukahlukene okusebenzayo neziphuzo, njengeziphuzo zamandla kanye nama-tonic wezempilo, ukuze anikeze izinzuzo zezempilo ezingaba khona.
Iyini I-Side Effect OfAma-ginsenosides?
Ama-Ginsenosides ngokuvamile abhekwa njengephephile uma esetshenziswa kumithamo efanelekile, kodwa njenganoma iyiphi inhlanganisela ye-bioactive, angase abe nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona, ikakhulukazi uma esetshenziswe ngamanani aphezulu. Eminye imiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-ginsenosides ingabandakanya:
1. Ukuqwasha: Imithamo ephezulu ye-ginsenosides ingase ibangele ukuvuselela, okuholela ebunzimeni bokulala noma ukuhlala ulele.
2. Izinkinga Zokugaya Ukudla: Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nokungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla, njengesicanucanu, isifo sohudo, noma ukucasuka kwesisu, lapho bedla imithamo ephezulu ye-ginsenosides.
3. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-ginsenosides kungase kuholele ekukhuphukeni komfutho wegazi.
4. Ukungezwani Nomzimba: Nakuba kuvamile, abanye abantu bangase bangezwani ne-ginsenosides, okuholela ezimpawu ezifana nokuqubuka, ukulunywa, noma ukuphefumula kanzima.
5. Imiphumela Yama-Hormonal: I-Ginsenosides ingaba nemiphumela emincane yama-hormone, futhi kwezinye izimo, ingase ihlanganyele nemithi ehlobene ne-hormone noma izimo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imiphumela emibi ye-ginsenosides ingahluka kuye ngomuntu ngamunye, uhlobo oluthile lwe-ginseng, kanye nomthamo. Njenganoma yisiphi isithasiselo noma umkhiqizo wemvelo, kuyatuseka ukuthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-ginsenosides, ikakhulukazi labo abanezimo zempilo ezicashile noma labo abaphuza imithi.
Imibuzo Ehlobene Ongaba Nentshisekelo Kuyo:
Ubani okungafanele athathe i-ginseng?
Abantu abathile kufanele baqaphele noma bagweme ukuthatha i-ginseng, okuhlanganisa:
1. Abesifazane Abakhulelwe Noma Abancelisa Ibele: Ukuphepha kwe-ginseng phakathi nokukhulelwa nokuncelisa akukacutshungulwa kabanzi, ngakho ngokuvamile kutuswa ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwayo phakathi nalezi zikhathi.
2. Abantu Abanokuphazamiseka Kokuzivikela Komzimba: I-ginseng ingase ikhuthaze amasosha omzimba, okungenzeka abhebhethekise izimo ze-autoimmune. Kuyancomeka ukuthi abantu abanenkinga ye-autoimmune bathintane nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-ginseng.
3. Abantu Abanokuphazamiseka Kokopha: I-Ginseng ingase ibe nemiphumela ethambile ye-anticoagulant, ngakho-ke abantu abanokuphazamiseka ukopha noma abathatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi kufanele basebenzise i-ginseng ngokuqapha nangaphansi kokuqondiswa umhlinzeki wezempilo.
4. Abantu AbaneZimo Ezizwelayo I-Hormone: Ngenxa yemiphumela engaba khona yamahomoni ye-ginseng, abantu abanezimo ezizwela ama-hormone njengomdlavuza webele, i-uterine fibroids, noma i-endometriosis kufanele babonane nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-ginseng.
5. Labo Abanenkinga Yokuqwasha Noma Yokukhathazeka: I-ginseng ingase ibe nemiphumela evuselelayo, ngakho abantu abanenkinga yokuqwasha noma yokukhathazeka kufanele baqaphe lapho besebenzisa i-ginseng, ikakhulukazi uma benemithamo ephezulu.
Ingabe i-ginsenosides steroids?
Ama-ginsenosides awawona ama-steroid. Ziyiqembu lezinhlanganisela zemvelo ezitholakala esitshalweni se-ginseng. Nakuba ama-ginsenosides angase abe nezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zezempilo, ahluke ngokwesakhiwo nangokusebenza kwe-steroids. I-steroids yikilasi lamahomoni nama-lipids adlala izindima ezibalulekile kumetabolism yomzimba, ukusebenza kokuzivikela komzimba, nezinye izinqubo zomzimba. Ngokuphambene, ama-ginsenosides angama-saponins, uhlobo lwenhlanganisela ye-glycoside, futhi aziwa ngezakhiwo zawo eziguqukayo nezikhuthaza impilo.
Iyiphi i-ginseng enezinga eliphezulu kakhuluama-ginsenosides?
Izinhlobo ze-ginseng ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ginsenoside yi-Panax ginseng, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ginseng yase-Asia noma yaseKorea. Lolu hlobo lwe-ginseng lwaziwa ngokugcwala kwalo okucebile kwe-ginsenosides, okuyizinhlanganisela ze-bioactive ezinesibopho sezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo zesitshalo. I-Panax ginseng yaziswa kakhulu emithini yendabuko futhi ivamise ukusetshenziselwa izakhiwo zayo ze-adapogenic nezivuselelayo. Lapho ufuna imikhiqizo ye-ginseng enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ginsenoside, i-Panax ginseng iyisinqumo esidumile.
Ingabe kulungile ukuthatha i-ginseng nsuku zonke?
Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuphephile kubantu abaningi ukuthatha i-ginseng nsuku zonke isikhathi esifushane. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwansuku zonke kwe-ginseng kungase kuholele emiphumeleni engase ibe khona noma ukusebenzisana nemithi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-ginseng ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe bezempilo, ikakhulukazi uma uhlela ukuyiphuza nsuku zonke isikhathi eside. Ukubonisana nomhlinzeki wezempilo kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi i-ginseng ifanele izidingo zakho zezempilo ngazinye nokuthi ayihlangani nanoma yimiphi imithi noma izimo ezivele zikhona.
Ingabe i-ginseng inyusa i-testosterone?
I-ginseng iphakanyiswe ukuthi ibe nemiphumela engaba khona emazingeni e-testosterone, nakuba ubufakazi bungaphelele. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi i-ginseng ingaba nomthelela omncane emazingeni e-testosterone, okungenzeka ngokusekela izindlela ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni i-testosterone. Nokho, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele izinga lethonya le-ginseng ku-testosterone.
I-ginseng yenzani kuma-hormone abesifazane?
I-Ginseng ingaba nemiphumela engaba khona kumahomoni wesifazane, nakuba ucwaningo kule ndawo lungaphethanga ngokugcwele. Olunye ucwaningo luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi i-ginseng ingaba nezakhiwo ze-adapogenic ezingasiza ukusekela ibhalansi yamahomoni kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka noma ukushintshashintsha kwama-hormone. Ukwengeza, i-ginseng iye yahlolelwa izinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona ekubhekaneni nezimpawu ezihambisana nokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, njengokushisa okushisayo nokushintsha kwemizwelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-12-2024
